Preoperative clinical management of patients who are candidates for facial transplantation / Manejo clínico pré-operatório de pacientes candidatos ao transplante facial

Introduction: Face transplantation has gained recognition, changing the clinicalsurgical scenario for restoring complex facial defects, as it attributes functional and aesthetic recovery to patients who have suffered serious accidents. At the time of writing this article, in official publications, 43 patients had already undergone facial transplantation worldwide. Face transplantation has numerous pieces of evidence that can irrefutably provide improvements to the patient. For this, preoperative care for the patient must be carefully established so that there is good surgical performance. Case Report: Male patient, 46 years old, reports that, at the age of 6, he had burns due to exposure to gasoline, with 72% of his body surface burned, showing sequelae of burns and surgical reconstructions on the face, with redundant and ptotic skin flap on the left cheek, absence of upper and lower lip and exposure of lower teeth. Conclusion: It is important to publicize this innovative procedure in different medical specialties and preoperative care through a thorough investigation, which attributes better surgical effectiveness, allowing the rescue of their facial identity, once stigmatized.

Introdução: O transplante de face adquiriu reconhecimento, alterando o panorama clínico-cirúrgico para a restauração de defeitos faciais complexos, visto que atribui recuperação funcional e estética a pacientes que sofreram acidentes graves. Até o momento da redação deste artigo, em publicações oficiais, 43 pacientes já haviam realizado o transplante facial em todo mundo. O transplante de face possui inúmeras evidências que podem fornecer melhorias ao paciente de forma irrefutável. Para isso, cuidados pré-operatórios ao paciente devem ser cuidadosamente estabelecidos para que haja um bom desempenho cirúrgico. Relato de Caso: Paciente sexo masculino, 46 anos, relata que, aos 6 anos de idade, teve queimadura por exposição à gasolina, com 72% de superfície corporal queimada, apresentando sequelas de queimaduras e reconstruções cirúrgicas na face, com retalho cutâneo redundante e ptótico em bochecha esquerda, ausência de lábio superior e inferior e exposição dos dentes inferiores. Conclusão: Ressalta-se a importância da divulgação desse procedimento inovador em diferentes especialidades médicas e dos cuidados pré-operatórios através de uma investigação minuciosa, que atribuem uma melhor eficácia cirúrgica, possibilitando o resgate de sua identidade facial, uma vez estigmatizada.

Utilização clínica de testes e escalas funcionais: uma entrevista com Fisioterapeutas / Clinical use of tests and functional scale: an interview with Physiotherapists

Objetivo: Investigar a utilização das escalas e testes funcionais por fisioterapeutas brasileiros que atuam clinicamente na área ortopédica, traumatológica e/ou esportiva. Métodos: Para coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário eletrônico, autoaplicável, elaborado pelos autores, divulgado por meio de redes sociais. Os participantes foram divididos em quatro grupos conforme suas respostas: grupo que utiliza testes e escalas funcionais (GTE); grupo que utiliza somente testes funcionais (GST); grupo que utiliza somente escalas funcionais (GSE); grupo que não utiliza nenhum (GN). Para análise de dados, foi realizada uma análise descritiva dos dados sociodemográficos e profissionais dos participantes. A associação entre variáveis qualitativas nominais foi avaliada por meio do teste Qui quadrado. Resultados: Do total de 100 voluntários participantes da pesquisa, 75 compuseram o GTE, 19 o GST, 1 o GSE e 5 o GN, demonstrando alto índice de utilização tanto de escalas quanto de testes funcionais na prática clínica. Não foram encontradas associações (p>0,05) entre o uso das ferramentas com características do profissional. As principais barreiras encontradas para não utilização das ferramentas foram a falta de tempo na sessão e o pouco conhecimento sobre os instrumentos. A maior parte dos participantes julga muito relevante o uso de avaliações funcionais na prática clínica. Conclusão: Os fisioterapeutas da amostra, em sua maioria, utilizam os testes e escalas funcionais na prática clínica. O principal uso dessas ferramentas é identificar as disfunções presentes nos pacientes durante as avaliações e as barreiras encontradas para não utilização são a falta de tempo e pouco conhecimento dos instrumentos.

Objective: to investigate the use of these tools by Brazilian physical therapists who work clinically in the orthopaedic, traumatological and sports areas, characterizing the professional and his possible relationship with the use of these instruments. Methods: For data collection, through social midias, a self-administered questionnaire online was applied. The participants were divided into four groups according to their answers: group that applied tests and functional scales (GTE); group that applied only functional tests (GST); group that applied only functional scales (GSE); group that did not use any (GN). For data analysis, a descriptive analysis of the sociodemographic and professional data of the participants was performed. The association between nominal qualitative variables was assessed by Chi-square test. Results: Of 100 volunteers participating in the research, 75 composed the GTE, 19 the GST, 1 the GSE and 5 the GN. Tests and scales are used by most professionals interviewed to follow the evolution of treatment and identify dysfunctions. As for the GSE, the main barriers found for not using it were the lack of time in the session and the little knowledge of the instruments. Most participants consider the use of functional assessments to be very relevant in clinical practice. Conclusion: Most orthopaedic, traumatological and sports physical therapists in the sample use tests and functional scales in clinical practice. Their main objective with these tools is to identify the dysfunctions present in patients during physical therapy assessments and the main barriers to not using them are time and little knowledge.

Evaluation of the impact of clinical pathway on medical efficiency and medical expenses of patients with two rheumatoid immune disease based on DRG data / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of clinical pathway implementation on medical efficiency and medical expenses of patients with two common rheumatic immune diseases " rheumatoid arthritis" and " ankylosing spondylitis" diseases by using diagnosis related group (DRG) related indicators.Methods:The data of patients with two common rheumatic immune diseases " rheumatoid arthritis" and " ankylosing spondylitis" included in the clinical pathway management from January 2017 to December 2019 in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine were carried out. The impact of clinical pathway implementation on the average hospital stay, average cost and average drug cost of patients with the two diseases were analyzed and compared , so as to evaluate the effect of the implementation of the clinical pathway.Results:From the implementation of clinical pathway in 2017 to 2019, the number of patients admitted and total medical specialty services in the two groups of " rheumatoid arthritis" and " ankylosing spondylitis" increased year by year ( P<0.01). The average length of stay, average cost and average drug cost of patients in the " rheumatoid arthritis" disease group decreased year by year, with statistically significant differences between groups (all P<0.01). The average length of stay in the ankylosing spondylitis group was shortened year by year, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Compared with 2017, the average cost in 2018 decreased significantly, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). There was no significant difference in average cost between 2018 and 2019 ( P>0.05). The average cost in 2018 was significantly higher than that in 2017 ( P<0.05). After analyzing the causes and optimizing the clinical pathway, the average cost in 2019 was significantly lower than that in 2018 ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Through the implementation of clinical pathways and continuous optimization of pathway connotation during use, the diagnosis and treatment efficiency of patients with " rheumatoid arthritis" and " ankylosing spondylitis" can be significantly improved, and medical costs can be reduced, which is in line with the current medical reform needs.

Evaluación del método clínico en un servicio de Medicina Interna

Introducción: El método clínico representa la guía que todo médico debe seguir en la búsqueda del diagnóstico definitivo. En los últimos años se ha afirmado que no se aplica correctamente, con efectos negativos tanto para el médico como para el paciente y su familia. Objetivo: Evaluar la aplicación del método clínico en el servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital General Docente Martín Chang Puga del municipio Nuevitas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal. El universo estuvo compuesto por 2 402 pacientes egresados del servicio de Medicina Interna y se seleccionaron 240 mediante muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Resultados: Se encontraron errores en la aplicación del método clínico en todas sus etapas. El examen físico estuvo afectado en el 53,7 % de las historias clínicas revisadas, la discusión diagnóstica en 52,9 % y la evolución médica en el 50,4 %. En el 78,3 % de las historias clínicas existió correspondencia entre los diagnósticos planteados. Fueron evaluadas de deficiente y regular el 52,9 % de las historias clínicas. Conclusiones: La aplicación del Método Clínico es aun deficiente y se alerta sobre la imperiosa necesidad de formar profesionales de la salud que conozcan y dominen de forma adecuada este método objetivamente estructurado.

Introduction: The clinical method represents the guide that every physician should follow in the search for the definitive diagnosis. In recent years, it has been stated that it is not correctly applied, with negative effects both for the physician and for the patient and his family. Objective: To evaluate the application of the clinical method in the Internal Medicine service of the Martín Chang Puga General Teaching Hospital in the municipality of Nuevitas. Methods: An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The universe was made up of 2,402 patients discharged from the Internal Medicine service and 240 were selected by simple random probabilistic sampling. Results: Errors were found in the application of the clinical method in all its stages. The physical examination was affected in 53.7% of the medical records reviewed, the diagnostic discussion in 52.9% and the medical evolution in 50.4%. In 78.3 % of the medical records there was correspondence between the proposed diagnoses. The evaluation was poor and fair in 52.9 % of the medical records. Conclusions: The application of the Clinical Method is still deficient, and there is an urgent need to train health professionals who know and adequately master the objectively structured Clinical Method.

HEARTS in the Americas appraisal checklist and clinical pathway for comprehensive hypertension management in primary care / Lista de verificación para la evaluación de HEARTS en las Américas y vía clínica para el manejo integral de la hipertensión en la atención primaria de salud / Lista de verificação para a avaliação HEARTS nas Américas e caminho clínico para o manejo integral da hipertensão arterial na atenção primária à saúde

ABSTRACT Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the Region of the Americas, and hypertension represents its main risk factor. However, population hypertension control rates in the Region are poor. Global Hearts is the World Health Organization's flagship initiative to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases. HEARTS in the Americas Initiative is its regional adaptation that seeks to be the cardiovascular disease risk management model, including hypertension and diabetes, in primary health care throughout the Americas by 2025. HEARTS in the Americas is being implemented in 22 countries and over 2 095 primary care centers. All implementing countries have defined their treatment protocols, and HEARTS in the Americas has supported continuous improvement. Because WHO recently released the 2021 Guideline for the Pharmacological Treatment of Hypertension in Adults and HEARTS in the Americas introduced the key drivers for hypertension control, the initiative generated a methodology to help countries update and strengthen their treatment protocols. This article describes the process of developing the treatment protocol appraisal checklist and defines the resulting clinical pathway. This tool can help countries and primary care centers to improve their protocols by identifying the improvement points and upgrading clinical pathways.

RESUMEN Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de mortalidad y morbilidad en la Región de las Américas, y la hipertensión representa su principal factor de riesgo. Sin embargo, las tasas de control de la hipertensión arterial en la Región son desalentadoras. Global Hearts es la iniciativa insignia de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para reducir la carga de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. La iniciativa HEARTS en las Américas es su adaptación regional, y tiene como objetivo ser el modelo de manejo del riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, incluida la hipertensión y la diabetes, en la atención primaria de salud en la Región para el año 2025. HEARTS en las Américas se está aplicando en 22 países y más de 2 095 centros de atención primaria. Todos los países que están aplicando esta iniciativa han definido sus protocolos de tratamiento, y HEARTS en las Américas ha brindado apoyo para la mejora continua. Debido a que la OMS publicó recientemente la guía para el tratamiento farmacológico de la hipertensión en adultos (2021) y HEARTS en las Américas determinó cuáles son los impulsores clave para el control de la hipertensión, la iniciativa elaboró una metodología para ayudar a los países a actualizar y fortalecer sus protocolos de tratamiento. En este artículo se describe el proceso de elaboración de la lista de verificación para la evaluación del protocolo de tratamiento y se define la vía clínica resultante. Esta herramienta puede ayudar a los países y los centros de atención primaria a mejorar sus protocolos para que determinen cuáles son los puntos que se deben mejorar y elaboren las vías clínicas.

RESUMO A iniciativa HEARTS nas Américas está sendo implementada em 22 países e mais de 2 095 centros de atenção primária à saúde. Todos os países que estão implementando a iniciativa definiram seus protocolos de tratamento, e a HEARTS nas Américas contribuiu para a melhoria contínua. Como a OMS lançou recentemente as Diretrizes de 2021 para o tratamento medicamentoso da hipertensão arterial em adultos e a HEARTS nas Américas desenvolveu os elementos essenciais para o controle da hipertensão, a iniciativa criou uma metodologia para auxiliar os países na atualização e no fortalecimento de seus protocolos de tratamento. Este artigo descreve o processo de elaboração da lista de verificação para avaliação do protocolo de tratamento e define o caminho clínico resultante. Esta ferramenta pode ajudar os países e os centros de atenção primária à saúde a aprimorarem seus protocolos mediante a identificação dos pontos para melhoria e o desenvolvimento de caminhos clínicos. As doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de morbimortalidade na Região das Américas, e a hipertensão é seu principal fator de risco. Entretanto, as taxas de controle da hipertensão na população da Região são baixas. Global Hearts é a principal iniciativa da Organização Mundial da Saúde para reduzir a carga de doenças cardiovasculares. A iniciativa HEARTS nas Américas é sua adaptação regional, que almeja ser o modelo para o gerenciamento de risco de doenças cardiovasculares, incluindo a hipertensão e o diabetes, na atenção primária à saúde em toda a Região das Américas até 2025.

Chile's public healthcare sector hypertension control rates before and during the pandemic and HEARTS implementation / Tasas de control de la hipertensión en el sector de salud pública en Chile antes y durante la pandemia y aplicación de la iniciativa HEARTS / Taxas de controle da hipertensão arterial no setor de saúde pública do Chile antes e durante a pandemia e implementação da iniciativa HEARTS

ABSTRACT Hypertension (arterial blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, with the greatest burden of attributable deaths in Chile, having a national prevalence of 27.6%. In 2018, the implementation of HEARTS begun in primary health care centers of the Public Health System, with the aim of achieving increase in control rates, by raising the proportion of hypertensive individuals who meet blood pressure goals (< 140/90 mmHg for individuals 15-79 years old and of 150/90 mmHg for individuals 80 years and older), and thus contributing to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. This is a descriptive study that follows average treatment and control rates from the Public Health System between 2017-2021 obtained from health centers statistics reports during HEARTS implementation. Treatment and control rates remained at 57% and 39% respectively between 2017-2019. Between 2020 and 2021, in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, treatment and control rates decreased very significantly, reaching 46% and 26%, respectively, in December 2021, even though the number of centers reporting the implementation of HEARTS increased from 227 to 387 in this same period. Prior to the pandemic, during the last quarter of 2019, a decrease in cardiovascular health controls was already observed as a result of social protests. In light of the results, the technical pillars of the HEARTS Initiative have an important role in helping to recover the population control rates reached in 2019 and increasing the speed to achieve better hypertension control rates.

RESUMEN La hipertensión arterial (presión arterial ≥ 140/90 mmHg) es un factor de riesgo para las enfermedades cardiovasculares, que tienen la mayor carga de muertes atribuibles en Chile. En este país, la hipertensión tiene una prevalencia nacional del 27,6%. En el 2018 se inició la aplicación del paquete técnico HEARTS en los centros de atención primaria de salud del sistema público de salud de Chile, con el objetivo de lograr un aumento de las tasas de control, al elevar la proporción de personas hipertensas que cumplen con las metas de presión arterial (< 140/90 mmHg para personas de 15 a 79 años y de 150/90 mmHg para personas de 80 años o más) y así contribuir a reducir la morbilidad y la mortalidad cardiovascular asociadas a esta enfermedad. En este estudio descriptivo se realiza un seguimiento de las tasas promedio de tratamiento y control del sistema público de salud entre el 2017 y el 2021 obtenidas de los informes estadísticos de los centros de salud durante la aplicación de la iniciativa HEARTS. Las tasas de tratamiento y control se mantuvieron en 57% y 39%, respectivamente, en el período entre el 2017 y el 2019. Entre el 2020 y el 2021, en el contexto de la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2, las tasas de tratamiento y control disminuyeron de manera muy significativa, y se ubicaron en 46% y 26%, respectivamente, en diciembre del 2021, a pesar de que el número de centros que notificaron la aplicación de HEARTS aumentó de 227 a 387 en el mismo período. Antes de la pandemia, en el último trimestre del 2019, ya se había observado una disminución en los controles de salud cardiovascular debido a las protestas sociales. En vista de estos resultados, los pilares técnicos de la iniciativa HEARTS desempeñan un papel importante para ayudar a recuperar las tasas de control que se habían alcanzado en el 2019 y acelerar la consecución de mejores tasas de control de la hipertensión.

RESUMO A hipertensão (pressão arterial ≥ 140/90 mmHg) é um fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares, com a maior carga de mortes atribuíveis no Chile, onde a prevalência nacional é de 27,6%. Em 2018, teve início a implementação da iniciativa HEARTS em centros de atenção primária à saúde do sistema de saúde pública, com o objetivo de elevar as taxas de controle, pelo aumento da proporção de indivíduos hipertensos que alcançam as metas de pressão arterial (< 140/90 mmHg para pessoas de 15-79 anos e de 150/90 mmHg para pessoas a partir de 80 anos), e, assim, contribuir para a redução da morbimortalidade cardiovascular associada a essa condição. Este é um estudo descritivo que acompanha as taxas médias de tratamento e controle no sistema de saúde pública entre 2017 e 2021, obtidas de relatórios estatísticos dos centros de saúde durante a implementação da iniciativa HEARTS. Entre 2017 e 2019, as taxas de tratamento e de controle foram, respectivamente, de 57% e 39%. Entre 2020 e 2021, no contexto da pandemia causada pelo SARS-CoV-2, houve uma diminuição muito significativa das taxas de tratamento e de controle, que chegaram, respectivamente, a 46% e 26% em dezembro de 2021, embora o número de centros que informaram ter implementado o pacote HEARTS tenha aumentado de 227 para 387 no mesmo período. Antes da pandemia, durante o último trimestre de 2019, já se observava uma diminuição dos controles da saúde cardiovascular em consequência de uma onda de protestos sociais. Os resultados mostram que os pilares técnicos da iniciativa HEARTS são importantes para ajudar a recuperar as taxas de controle na população alcançadas em 2019 e aumentar a velocidade para atingir melhores taxas de controle da hipertensão.

¿Cómo lograr la excelencia sanitaria en la atención del paciente con enfermedad renal crónica? Desarrollo de vías clínicas para los estadios iniciales de la enfermedad

Las vías clínicas (VC) son instrumentos desarrollados para planificar y coordinar la secuencia de los procedimientos clínicos y administrativos necesarios para conseguir la máxima calidad asistencial. La rápida difusión de las VC en Estados Unidos explica que más del 60% de los hospitales usen estos documentos para sus procesos más frecuentes, lo que contrasta con su escasa implementación en Colombia y países de Latinoamérica. Las VC se ajustan según los cambios que representa el enfoque en procesos y se orientan a optimizar una mejor atención al paciente.

The clinical pathways are instruments developed to plan and coordinate the sequence of clinical and administrative procedures necessary to achieve the highest quality of care. Its rapid spread in the USA. USA explains that more than 60% of hospitals use clinical pathways for their most frequent processes. This contrasts with its poor implementation in Colombia and the countries of the Region of the Americas. The Clinical Pathways adjust with the change represented by the focus on processes, aimed at optimizing better patient care.

Percepción sobre sus habilidades especificas en estudiantes del tercer año de Estomatología. Cienfuegos, 2019 / Perception about their specific abilities in third-year stomatology students. Cienfuegos, 2019

RESUMEN Fundamento: el giro hacia una educación por habilidades supone una nueva cultura de aprendizaje. Comprender que cada estudiante progresa a diferentes ritmos en el dominio de una habilidad implica saber atender oportunamente sus necesidades y la personalización de sus trayectorias. Objetivo: describir la percepción que tienen los estudiantes del tercer año de la carrera de Estomatología sobre sus habilidades específicas. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en la Clínica Estomatológica de Especialidades de Cienfuegos. Se trabajó con la totalidad de los estudiantes que cursan el tercer año de la carrera de estomatología, asignatura Operatoria Clínica en el quinto semestre. Resultados: los estudiantes perciben que deben seguir perfeccionando la mayoría de las habilidades, fundamentalmente en la confección de la historia clínica individual en los incisos: examen bucal y diagnóstico. El 50 % de los estudiantes tiene la percepción de que realizan el interrogatorio, identifican hábitos y plan de tratamiento muy bien. En los procedimientos clínicos solo la técnica de anestesia infiltrativa alcanza mayor porcentaje en el nivel superior de la escala de precepción representado por un 83,3%. Conclusiones: la percepción de los estudiantes respecto a las habilidades específicas está en correspondencia con el año académico que cursan. Perciben que deben seguir perfeccionando la mayoría de ellas. Los resultados expuestos permiten al claustro de profesores desarrollar estrategias docentes que contribuyan al desarrollo de dichas habilidades.

ABSTRACT Background: the change towards skills-based education means a new learning culture. Understanding that each student progresses at different rates in the mastery of a skill implies knowing how to deal with their needs timely and personalize their trajectories. Objective: to describe the third year students Stomatology career perception about their specific abilities. Methods: descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study carried out at the Cienfuegos Specialties Stomatological Clinic. All the third year stomatology students who are in the fifth semester of a Clinical Operative subject participated in the research. Results: the students perceive that they must improve the skills, mainly in the preparation of the individual medical history in sections: oral exam and diagnosis. The 50% of the students make the questioning, identify habits and treatment plan very well. In clinical procedures, only the infiltrative anesthesia technique achieves a higher percentage at the upper level of the perception scale, represented by 83.3%. Conclusions: the students' perception regarding the specific skills is in correspondence with the academic year they study. They think that they must improve most of them. The results presented allow the faculty to develop teaching strategies that contribute to the development of these skills.

Instrumentos para captação e análise acústica dos sinais de ausculta cervical na prática clínica fonoaudiológica: uma revisão integrativa de literatura / Instruments for acoustic capture and analysis of cervical auscultation signals in speech-language pathology clinic practice: an integrative literature review

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever os instrumentos utilizados para captação e análise acústica dos sinais de ausculta cervical e identificar aqueles com maior potencial para aplicação na clínica fonoaudiológica. Estratégia de pesquisa Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, a partir da combinação de termos de relevância e operadores booleanos, durante o mês de novembro de 2020. Critérios de seleção Artigos científicos publicados nos idiomas português, espanhol ou inglês, nos últimos cinco anos (2016-2020) e que apresentassem estudo da ausculta cervical. Resultados Foram encontrados 98 artigos. Após a aplicação dos critérios de seleção, 26 artigos foram selecionados para esta revisão. Para captação dos sinais de ausculta cervical, o microfone foi o instrumento mais utilizado, seguido pela técnica de ausculta cervical de alta resolução, que combina sinais acústicos e vibratórios registrados por um microfone e um acelerômetro, respectivamente. Softwares e/ou algoritmos foram selecionados para análise acústica dos sinais, de acordo com o objetivo de cada estudo. Conclusão O método de ausculta cervical de alta resolução e a análise acústica por meio de algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina apresentaram grande potencial para utilização na prática clínica fonoaudiológica para avaliação e monitoramento da deglutição.

ABSTRACT Purpose Describe the instruments used to capture and analyze the acoustic signals obtained from cervical auscultation, and identify those with the greatest potential for application in the speech pathology clinic. Research strategy This is an integrative literature review. Searches were performed in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases in November 2020, using relevant keywords combined with Boolean operators. Selection criteria Scientific articles published in Portuguese, Spanish or English in the last five years (2016-2020) and that presented a study of cervical auscultation. Results Ninety-eight articles were found. After the application of selection criteria, 26 articles were selected for this review. Microphones were the most common instruments used to perform cervical auscultation, followed by high-resolution cervical auscultation techniques, which combine acoustic and vibrational signals recorded by a microphone and an accelerometer, respectively. Acoustic analysis was performed using different software packages and/or algorithms depending on the goals of each study. Conclusion The combination of high-resolution cervical auscultation and machine learning for acoustic analysis has great potential for utilization in the clinical assessment and monitoring of swallowing in speech pathology.

Speech-language-hearing instruments to assess peripheral facial palsy: an integrative literature review / Instrumentos de avaliação fonoaudiológica da paralisia facial periférica: revisão integrativa de literatura

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe and analyze the clinical instruments that assess peripheral facial palsy through an integrative literature review. Methods: the precepts for this type of review were followed: research question, identification, selection of studies, and critical analysis. The Virtual Health Library (VHL), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Google Scholar, and PubMed databases were accessed to search for fully available articles published in national journals between January 2008 and July 2018. The terms used in the search were "Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences", "Evaluation", and "Facial Paralysis", in both English and Portuguese. The data obtained were organized per author, title, objective, instruments used, description of the instruments, and application procedures used in the articles. Results: out of the total 992 articles found, only 18 met the inclusion criteria of the research. In most of them, there was only the citation of the assessment instruments or considerations about them, without fully describing the application procedures. Conclusion: the study identified publications that indicate the use of clinical and speech-language-hearing assessment instruments. However, further detailing is necessary regarding the assessment procedures to help develop and refine the speech-language-hearing methodologies and techniques.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever e analisar os instrumentos clínicos de avaliação de paralisia facial periférica por meio da revisão integrativa de literatura. Métodos: foram seguidos os preceitos deste tipo de revisão: questão norteadora, identificação, seleção de estudos e análise crítica. As bases utilizadas foram: "Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS)", "Scientific Electronic Library (SCIELO)", "Google Acadêmico" e "Pubmed", na busca de artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais, no período entre janeiro de 2008 e julho de 2018, disponíveis na íntegra, sendo utilizados os termos: "Fonoaudiologia", "Avaliação" e "Paralisia Facial" e na língua inglesa: "Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences", "Evaluation" e "Facial Paralysis. Os dados obtidos foram organizados por autor, título, objetivo, instrumentos utilizados, descrição dos instrumentos e procedimentos de aplicação utilizados nos artigos. Resultados: de um total de 992 artigos encontrados, apenas 18 se encaixaram nos critérios de inclusão da pesquisa. Na maioria dos artigos encontrados, havia apenas citações ou considerações sobre instrumentos de avaliação, sem a plena descrição e procedimentos para aplicação. Conclusão: o estudo permitiu identificar publicações que indicam uso de instrumento de avaliação clínica e fonoaudiológica. No entanto, seria necessário detalhamento quanto a apresentação dos procedimentos de avaliação, visando cooperar na elaboração e no refinamento de metodologias e técnicas fonoaudiológicas.

Contexto da unidade de terapia intensiva: análise da produção científica da enfermagem / Contexto de la unidad de cuidados intensivos: análisis de la producción científica de enfermería / Intensive care unit context: analysis of nursing scientific production

Objetivo: caracterizar as dissertações e teses disponíveis no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem oriundas de pesquisas sobre o contexto de unidade de terapia intensiva. Método: pesquisa bibliométrica, desenvolvida a partir de dados extraídos por meio de um instrumento composto por indicadores coletados das dissertações e teses disponíveis no catálogo dos volumes XIX (2001) ao XXXIV (2014). Incluíram-se todas as dissertações e teses produzidas por enfermeiros, provenientes de pesquisa em unidades de terapia intensiva. Resultados: destacaram-se as pesquisas relacionadas aos cuidados e procedimentos de enfermagem (46; 18,9%); carga de trabalho, estresse e dimensionamento de pessoal de enfermagem (28; 11,5%) e sistematização da assistência e processo de enfermagem (20; 8,2%), ambos na unidade de terapia intensiva. Conclusão: as pesquisas analisadas revelam um perfil no qual a maioria dos estudos apresentaram um delineamento descritivo-quantitativo e com foco nos cuidados e procedimentos realizados nas unidades de terapia intensiva.

Objective: to characterize the dissertations and theses available in the Catalog of Theses and Dissertations of the Brazilian Nursing Association from research on the context of the intensive care unit. Method: bibliometric research, developed from data extracted through an instrument composed of indicators collected from dissertations and theses available in the catalog of volumes XIX (2001) to XXXIV (2014). All dissertations and theses produced by nurses from research in intensive care units were included. Results: research related to nursing care and procedures stood out (46; 18.9%); workload, stress and sizing of nursing staff (28; 11.5%) and systematization of nursing care and process (20; 8.2%), both in the intensive care unit. Conclusion: The research analyzed reveals a profile in which most studies presented a descriptive-quantitative design and focused on the care and procedures performed in intensive care units.

Objetivo: caracterizar las disertaciones y tesis disponibles en el Catálogo de Tesis y Disertaciones de la Asociación Brasileña de Enfermería de investigaciones sobre el contexto de la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Método: investigación bibliométrica, desarrollada a partir de datos extraídos por un instrumento compuesto por indicadores recopilados de disertaciones y tesis disponibles en catálogo de los volúmenes XIX (2001) a XXXIV (2014). Incluyeron todas las disertaciones y tesis producidas por enfermeras originado de investigaciones en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Resultados: se destacó la investigación relacionada con atención y procedimientos de enfermería (46; 18,9%); carga de trabajo, estrés y dimensionamiento del personal (28; 11.5%) y sistematización de cuidados y procesos de enfermería (20; 8.2%), ambos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Conclusión: La investigación revela un perfil en que la mayoría de los estudios presentaron un diseño descriptivo-cuantitativo y se centraron en atención y procedimientos realizados en unidades de cuidados intensivos.

Itinerário terapêutico como busca do cuidado ao paciente com doença falciforme / Therapeutic itinerary as a search for care to the patient with sickle cell disease / Itinerario terapéutico como búsqueda de cuidado al paciente con enfermedad falciforme

A forma como são realizadas as mudanças nos processos de trabalho na área da saúde precisam ser sensíveis ao itinerário terapêutico possível dos seus usuários. No caso dos pacientes com doença falciforme (DF), é preciso analisar a necessidade de consultas frequentes em centros de referência e que a dispensação de medicamentos pós-consulta pode impactar na adesão ao tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o itinerário terapêutico de pacientes com DF na busca pelos medicamentos. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, realizado com 12 participantes (pacientes e cuidadores) no Centro de Referência para DF do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, localizado na região Sul do Brasil, entre outubro e novembro de 2017. Quatro principais categorias foram identificadas: (1) Descoberta da doença, (2) Busca dos medicamentos, (3) Itinerários terapêuticos e (4) Linha do cuidado. Observou-se que existe um desconhecimento por parte dos entrevistados sobre as mudanças realizadas na forma de retirada dos medicamentos para tratamento da doença, fazendo com que seus itinerários terapêuticos estejam desorganizados no sistema de saúde. Anteriormente, os medicamentos eram retirados no centro de referência hospitalar, mas passaram a ser dispensados nas farmácias do estado no município de origem dos pacientes. A partir das informações levantadas, conclui-se que o desconhecimento relatado evidencia que a presença do profissional farmacêutico pode aproximar a dispensação do medicamento da realidade das pessoas com DF que necessitam de um olhar particularizado na atenção à saúde.

The way changes in work processes in the health area are made must be sensitive to the possible therapeutic itinerary of health users. In the case of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), it is necessary to analyze the need for frequent consultations in referral centers and that the dispensation of medications post-consultation can impact adherence to treatment. The objective of this study was to describe the therapeutic itinerary of patients with SCD in the search for medications. A qualitative study, using a semi-structured interview, conducted with 12 participants (patients and caregivers) at Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital's Reference Center for SCD located in Brazil's southern region, between October and November 2017. Four main categories were identified: (1) Discovery of disease, (2) Search for medications, (3) Therapeutic itineraries and (4) Care line. It was observed that there is a lack of knowledge on the part of the interviewees about the changes made in the medicine withdrawal to treat the disease, making their therapeutic itineraries to be disorganized in the health system. Previously, the medications were withdrawn at the hospital referral center and are now being dispensed at state pharmacies in the patients' hometown. The reported lack of knowledge shows that the pharmaceutical's presence can approach the dispensation of medicine to the people with SCD reality that need a specialized look at health care.

La forma en que se realizan los cambios en los procesos de trabajo en el área de salud necesitan ser sensibles al itinerario terapéutico posible de sus usuarios. En el caso de los pacientes con enfermedad falciforme (EF) es necesario analizar la necesidad de consultas frecuentes en centros de referencia y que la dispensación de medicamentos posconsulta puede impactar en la adhesión al tratamiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el itinerario terapéutico de pacientes con EF en la búsqueda de los medicamentos. Este es un estudio cualitativo, realizado con 12 participantes (pacientes y sus cuidadores) mediante entrevista semiestructurada, en el Centro de Referencia para EF del Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, situado en la región Sur de Brasil, en el período entre octubre y noviembre de 2017. Se identificaron cuatro principales categorías: (1) Descubrimiento de la enfermedad, (2) Búsqueda de los medicamentos, (3) Itinerarios terapéuticos, y (4) Línea del cuidado. Se observó que existe un desconocimiento por parte de los entrevistados sobre los cambios realizados en la forma de retirada de los medicamentos para tratar la enfermedad, lo que resultó una desorganización de sus itinerarios terapéuticos en el sistema de salud. Anteriormente los medicamentos podían retirarse en el centro de referencia hospitalario, después pasaron a dispensarse en las farmacias del estado en el municipio de origen de los pacientes. Con base en esa información, el desconocimiento reportado evidencia que la presencia del farmacéutico puede aproximar la dispensación del medicamento a la realidad de las personas con EF que necesitan una mirada particularizada en la atención a la salud.

Painful and stressful procedures and analgesia in newborns from the viewpoint of professionals / Procedimientos dolorosos, estresantes y analgesia en neonatos bajo la perspectiva de los profesionales / Procedimentos dolorosos, estressantes e analgesia em neonatos na visão dos profissionais

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the procedures considered painful and stressful by health professionals from a neonatal intensive care unit and check the measures of analgesia. Method: Descriptive exploratory quantitative study with 65 health professionals, from November 2016 to February 2017. Results: The procedures considered painful were removal of adhesives, vein, arterial and lumbar puncture, phlebotomy, and thoracic drainage. Oral suctioning, intravenous catheter removal and tracheal extubation were considered stressful. Fentanyl was the most cited pharmacological measure, and restraint and nonnutritive suction were the most used nonpharmacological measures. Conclusion: Professionals were able to classify the painful and stressful procedures; however, low use of measures for analgesia was evidenced.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los procedimientos considerados dolorosos y estresantes por los profesionales de salud en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal y verificar las medidas de analgesia utilizadas. Método: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, de abordaje cuantitativo, con una muestra de 65 profesionales de salud, realizado en el período de noviembre de 2016 a febrero de 2017. Resultados: Los procedimientos considerados dolorosos fueron la retirada de adhesivos, la punción venosa, arterial y lumbar, la flebotomía y el drenaje torácico. Ya los considerados estresantes fueron la aspiración oral, la retirada del catéter intravenoso y la extubación traqueal. La medida farmacológica más citada fue el fentanilo; y las medidas no farmacológicas más utilizadas fueron la contención y la succión no nutritiva. Conclusión: Los profesionales pudieron clasificar los procedimientos en dolorosos y estresantes, sin embargo, se evidenció la baja utilización de medidas para analgesia.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os procedimentos considerados dolorosos e estressantes pelos profissionais de saúde de uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal e verificar as medidas de analgesia. Método: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa, com amostra de 65 profissionais de saúde, no período de novembro de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017. Resultados: Os procedimentos considerados dolorosos foram a retirada de adesivos, a punção venosa, arterial e lombar, a flebotomia e a drenagem torácica. A aspiração oral, a retirada de cateter intravenoso e a extubação traqueal foram consideradas estressantes. O fentanil foi a medida farmacológica mais citada e a contenção e sucção não nutritiva as medidas não farmacológicas mais utilizadas. Conclusão: Os profissionais souberam classificar os procedimentos em dolorosos e estressantes, entretanto, foi evidenciada a baixa utilização de medidas para analgesia.

Assessment of the application of clinical pathways for cerebral infarction in patients aged 75 years and above / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of clinical pathways(CP)for cerebral infarction in patients aged 75 years and above.@*Methods@#A cohort of 363 cerebral infarction patients aged 75 years and above after excluding clinical variants were recruited from January 2016 to June 2018 at the neurology department of Nanyang City Center Hospital.Patients were randomly divided into the CP group(n=184)and the control group(n=179). The day-90 modified Rankin scale score(mRS), mortality, incidences of complications, length of hospital stay, total hospital costs and drug costs were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#The proportion of patients with mRS 0-1 was higher in the CP group than in the control group(77.2% or 142/184 vs.55.3% or 99/179, χ2=19.443, P=0.000). The incidences of pulmonary infection(23.9%, 44/184)and deep venous thrombosis(14.7%, 27/184)were lower in the CP group than in the control group(42.5%, 76/179 & 29.1%, 52/179; χ2=14.101, 11.014, P=0.000, 0.001). There was a significant difference in mortality between the two groups[4.9%(9/184)vs.11.2%(20/179), χ2=4.871, P=0.027]. There was no significant difference in the other incidences of complications between the groups(P>0.05). Hospital stay length(18.3±2.9) d, total cost(2.72±0.42)×104 yuan, and drug cost(0.87±0.29)×104 yuan in the clinical pathway group were lower than those in the control group[(22.8±4.4)d, (3.55±0.81)×104 yuan, (1.42±0.29)×104 yuan](t=11.546, 12.168 and 18.335, all P=0.000).@*Conclusions@#The adoption of clinical pathways can improve medical quality, shorten hospitalization days and reduce hospitalization costs and medical costs in elderly patients with cerebral infarction.

Assessment of the application of clinical pathways for cerebral infarction in patients aged 75 years and above / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of clinical pathways(CP) for cerebral infarction in patients aged 75 years and above.Methods A cohort of 363 cerebral infarction patients aged 75 years and above after excluding clinical variants were recruited from January 2016 to June 2018 at the neurology department of Nanyang City Center Hospital.Patients were randomly divided into the CP group(n=184)and the control group(n=179).The day-90 modified Rankin scale score(mRS),mortality,incidences of complications,length of hospital stay,total hospital costs and drug costs were compared between the two groups.Results The proportion of patients with mRS 0-1 was higher in the CP group than in the control group(77.2％ or 142/184 vs.55.3％ or 99/179,x2=19.443,P =0.000).The incidences of pulmonary infection(23.9％,44/184)and deep venous thrombosis(14.7 ％,27/184)were lower in the CP group than in the control group(42.5 ％,76/179 & 29.1％,52/179;x2 =14.101,11.014,P=0.000,0.001).There was a significant difference in mortality between the two groups[4.9％ (9/184)vs.11.2％ (20/179),x2 =4.871,P =0.027].There was no significant difference in the other incidences of complications between the groups(P ＞ 0.05).Hospital stay length (18.3 ± 2.9) d,total cost (2.72 ± 0.42) × 104 yuan,and drug cost (0.87±0.29)× 104yuan in the clinical pathway group were lower than those in the control group [(22.8±4.4)d,(3.55±0.81) × 104 yuan,(1.42±0.29) × 104 yuan](t =11.546,12.168 and 18.335,all P =0.000).Conclusions The adoption of clinical pathways can improve medical quality,shorten hospitalization days and reduce hospitalization costs and medical costs in elderly patients with cerebral infarction.

Appropriate Hospital Discharge Timing after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Comparison of Postoperative Day 1 vs. Day 2 Discharge Protocol

PURPOSE: The critical pathway (CP) was introduced as a means to provide quality healthcare service in many fields of surgery. CP may increase the patient's satisfaction rate and lowering hospital stay and medical cost also. We aimed to compare the two kinds of CP applied in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients by different hospital stay length. METHODS: From March 2016 to October 2016, 71 patients were enrolled in this analysis among 241 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were divided into two groups, 38 patients in the 1-day CP group and 33 patients in the 2-day CP group. In a retrospective review, surgical outcomes and related hospital costs were analyzed. RESULTS: Preoperative characteristics were not different between two CP groups. In analysis of operative outcome, 2-day CP group showed longer operative time than 1-day CP (73.4 vs 54.1 min, p<0.001); otherwise, there was no significant difference in frequency of postop complications (6.1% vs 2.6%, p=0.474), numerical rating scale (NRS) pain score (1.82 vs 2.16, p=0.052), and count of analgesics injection (0.12 vs 0.16, p=0.754). Total admission cost and actual patient's expenditures were higher in 2-day CP group, but there was no statistically significant difference (347.04 vs 306.69×104 won, p=0.106; 147.85 vs 125.58×104 won, p=0.276). CONCLUSION: The length of hospital stay was shortened in 1-day CP group than in 2-day CP group, while there was no difference in other parameters. Therefore, it is feasible and safe practical policy the use 1-day CP in selected patients who undergo cholecystectomy according to our results.

Functional Outcomes After Critical Pathway for Inpatient Rehabilitation of Total Knee Arthroplasty

OBJECTIVE: To investigate functional outcomes after the application of a critical pathway for inpatient rehabilitation of total knee arthroplasty (TKA).METHODS: A total of 184 patients (57 males and 127 females; average age, 71.5±5.9 years) who underwent unilateral or bilateral TKA were included. The critical pathway included early, intensive individualized rehabilitation exercises. Patients completed the following performance-based physical function tests: the stair climbing test (SCT), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) as well as measurement of isometric knee flexor and extensor strength of the operated knee, gait speed, and range of knee flexion and extension. Self-reported physical function and pain were measured using the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and visual analog scale (VAS), respectively, and self-reported quality of life was measured using the EuroQoL 5 dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire. These evaluations were performed preoperatively and at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively.RESULTS: Performance-based and self-reported physical function and quality of life measures improved nonlinearly over time. Specifically, the 6WMT, TUG, gait speed, WOMAC-pain, WOMAC-function, VAS, and EQ-5D scores showed a significant improvement at 1-month post-TKA, whereas SCT, peak torque of the knee extensors and flexors, and WOMAC-stiffness scores showed gradual, but substantial, improvements over 3 months. There were between-group differences (unilateral and bilateral TKA groups) in the time course of the SCT, 6MWT, TUG, VAS, WOAMC-stiffness, and WOMAC-function results.CONCLUSION: Patients who underwent critical pathway rehabilitation after TKA showed significant improvements in functional measurements during the first 3 months post-surgery.

Modelo de tamizaje, atención y monitoreo de la salud mental para adultos en casos de desastre / Model for adult mental health screening, treatment, and monitoring in disasters

Resumen Los desastres afectan a todos los miembros de una comunidad; sin embargo, no todos reaccionan de la misma forma. Por ello, resulta esencial identificar quiénes requieren intervenciones especializadas, así como establecer mecanismos de referencia y atención adecuados para los diferentes servicios de salud mental. Los autores sintetizan recomendaciones de intervenciones basadas en evidencia para informar los esfuerzos de atención a la salud mental para poblaciones expuestas a desastres, específicamente respecto al proceso de tamizaje, referencia y atención psicológica. Asimismo, proponen un modelo comprensivo y de acción coordinada, que utilice los servicios e infraestructura ya existentes, con el objetivo de incentivar tanto la colaboración interinstitucional a futuro, como una mayor profesionalización de la salud mental pública en México.

Abstract: Disasters affect all members of a community; however, not all react in the same way. It is therefore essential to identify those who require specialized interventions, and establish appropriate referral and treatment pathways for different mental health services. Authors synthesize recommendations from evidence-based interventions to inform mental health care efforts for populations exposed to disasters, specifically in relation to screening, referral and psychological treatment. The authors propose a comprehensive model of coordinated efforts that uses existing services and infrastructure. This aims to incentivize future inter-institutional collaboration and a greater professionalization of public mental health in México.

To study the clinical pathway of enhanced recovery after surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of clinical pathway of enhanced recovery after surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy.Methods All patients with uterine fibroids,uterine adenomyosis,cervical lesions and endometrial lesions were selected in Qinghai Provincial Traffic Hospital during the period of January 2015 to December 2016.Among them,108 cases undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy were analyzed and enrolled in the study.They were randomly divided into two groups.The observation group was treated with clinical pathway of enhanced recovery,while the control group received routine clinical pathway.The general situation,clinical pathway related indicators were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results The average age,BMI,abdominal surgery history and disease composition of the two groups were not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The exhaust time [(19.5± 5.6)h vs (24.2 ± 7.5) h],activity time [(17.2 ± 7.5) h vs (26.4 ± 5.3) h],indwelling catheter time [(18.1 ± 3.9) h vs (30.5 ± 4.7) h],average hospitalization days [(5.2 ± 1.1) days vs (6.3 ± 1.7) days] and hospitalization expenses [(13 688.2 ± 709.6)yuan vs (15 793.4 ± 1 021.3)yuan] of the observation group were less than those of the control group,with statistically significance difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Clinical pathway of enhanced recovery after surgery can speed up the rehabilitation of laparoscopic hysterectomy,improve the patient's medical experience and shorten the average length of stay.

The application value of the clinical pathway in the repairing distal extension removable partial denture / 天津医药

Objective To study the application value of the clinical pathway in the repairing distal extension removable partial denture.Methods One hundred and thirty patients with free-end dentition defect were selected in this study.In the oral cavity,the conditions of the mucosa were similar in terms of the residual teeth and alveolar crest mucosa, and the two groups of the same species were divided into 65 pairs. The random digital table method was used to divide patients into clinical path group and traditional repair group. The frequency of adjustments during the adaptive phase, masticatory efficiency of the denture at ending of the adaptive phase, visible movement of the extension base during the masticatory,decay of abutment,abutments loosen and food embedded plug were compared between the two groups. Results The frequency of adjustments during the adaptive phase was significantly lower in clinical path group than that of traditional repair group [1.00 (1.00, 2.00) times vs. 3.00 (2.00, 4.00) times]. The masticatory efficiency of the denture was higher in clinical path group than that of traditional repair group (93.85% vs. 76.96%). The visible movement of the extension base during mastication (0 vs. 15.38%), decay of abutment (1.54% vs. 13.85%), abutments loosen (0 vs. 12.31%) and food embedded plug(1.54% vs.15.38%)were significantly lower in clinical path group than those of traditional repair group(P<0.05). Conclusion The retention and the stabilization of the removable partial denture can be improved by means of clinical pathway. By following the clinical path method, the removable partial denture shows reduced unstable state of the denture in the functional state and has a good prospect for clinical application.